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This event organized by the Groupe de recherche et d’action sur la victimisation des enfants (GRAVE) and Centre jeunesse de Montréal de l’Institut universitaire (CJM-IU) will be held February 25, 2011 in Montreal. It will target the scientific community and stakeholders on youth violence. Privileged place for knowledge sharing for researchers, practitioners and students, these conferences provide a fresh new look on the latest topics affecting research and intervention with troubled youth.
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This conference will be held March 3, 2011 in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. This day of learning will focus on the human capacity to overcome and transcend adversity, offering practical and research-based suggestions on how children, youth, families, and communities can do this. This conference is for anyone struggling with crisis, grief, trauma, or stress. And it’s for those who help others to overcome these problems.
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To be held April 6 – 7, 2011 in Brighton, UK, this conference will examine what resilience research is telling us and consider ways of working in light of these findings. It will also ask how does resilience helps foster healthy responses in times of trouble.
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The conference organizing committee is pleased to announce that registrations are now open. This event will be held April 27- 28 2011 in Montreal, Quebec. The objectives are: to understand the practical significance of the concept of resilience applied to rehabilitation or to other areas; develop knowledge on approaches, methods and techniques to integrate the concept of resilience in rehabilitation and to other areas of intervention; consider organizational or management practices that could support the process of resilience for the user of health services or his family; develop links on provincial, national and international levels among researchers, professionals and users in order to develop research projects and interventions that include resilience.
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On a mission on youth suicide ordered by Jeannette Bougrab, France Secretary of State for Youth, the psychiatrist Boris Cyrulnik hosted the 20 Minutes team during the 15th Day on Suicide Prevention event. Here is the interview.
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A new research suggests that bullying by peers can increase the risk of the victim developing psychotic symptoms later in life. The new study, published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, used valuable data from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, which follows 2,232 twin children and their families. Mothers of the children were interviewed and, at age 12, children were asked about bullying experiences and psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations, delusions or paranoia. The study found that children who were bullied by peers were more than twice as likely to experience psychotic symptoms at age 12 compared with children who did not suffer similar trauma.
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Adult children of divorce are more likely to have seriously considered suicide than their peers from intact families, suggests new research from the University of Toronto. In a paper published online in the journal Psychiatry Research, investigators examined gender specific differences among a sample of 6,647 adults, of whom 695 had experienced parental divorce before the age of 18. The study found that men from divorced families had more than three times the odds of suicidal ideation in comparison with men whose parents had not divorced. Adult daughters of divorce had 83 per cent higher odds of suicidal ideation than their female peers who had not experienced parental divorce.
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Children who grow up in poverty have health problems as adults. But a new study finds that poor adolescents who live in communities with more social cohesiveness and control get some measure of protection; they’re less likely to smoke and be obese as adolescents. The new study, published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, is part of a long-term examination of children growing up poor in rural upstate New York. The study was designed to discover, “What is it about poverty that leads to these negative outcomes?” says lead author Gary W. Evans, of Cornell University.
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Students can combat test anxiety and improve performance by writing about their worries immediately before the exam begins, according to a University of Chicago study published in the journal Science. Researchers found that students who were prone to test anxiety improved their high–stakes test scores by nearly one grade point after they were given 10 minutes to write about what was causing them fear, according to the article, “Writing about Testing Boosts Exam Performance in the Classroom.” The article appears in the Jan. 14 issue of Science and is based on research supported by the National Science Foundation.
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The Young Foundation in UK worked with community members, local service providers and vulnerable families in Bemerton Heath, a housing estate in Salisbury. Their work assessed levels of wellbeing as well as the capacity of the community to enhance their own wellbeing and to support vulnerable families on the estate. The project used a number of approaches developed by the Young Foundation, including Neighbourhood Taskforces, the Wellbeing and Resilience Measure (WARM) and their work on community engagement. This report sets the findings from the work and includes recommendations on how the community and service providers can meet this ambitious agenda. The report also makes recommendations about how the learning can be applied to other areas of Wiltshire, as part of the Total Place agenda.
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This strategy sets out an ambitious, all-of-government, all-of-society approach to mental health and addictions in Ontario. To put this strategy into action, Ontario will develop a concrete implementation plan that sets out the various activities that will be phased in over the next 10 years to achieve each of our five goals. The general approach to this high level plan is to build on what’s already working, identify best practices and spread them across communities, organizations and providers, and eventually mandate standards for service availability, quality and integration across the province. The authors believe this approach will allow Ontario to take advantage of expertise and creativity across the province and have the greatest possible impact on mental health and well-being for all Ontarians.
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The evaluation of interventions and policies designed to promote resilience, and research to understand the determinants and associations, require reliable and valid measures to ensure data quality. This paper systematically reviews the psychometric rigour of resilience measurement scales developed for use in general and clinical populations.
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Early recognition and subsequent care of those affected by intimate partner violence (IPV) can facilitate more positive short- and long-term health outcomes. Despite the importance of the IPV-maternal health relationship, few studies have addressed the abused women’s mental health concerns. The purpose of this study was to elicit women’s perceptions of the experience of IPV during pregnancy and after birth and to examine the impact of the abuse on their mental health.
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Child maltreatment has been linked to negative adult health outcomes; however, much past research includes only clinical samples of women, focuses exclusively on sexual abuse and/or fails to control for family background and childhood characteristics, both potential confounders. Further research is needed to obtain accurate, generalizable estimates and to educate clinicians who are generally unaware of the link between childhood abuse and adult health. The purpose of this project is to examine how childhood physical abuse by parents impacts mid-life mental and physical health and to explore the attenuating effect of family background and childhood adversities.
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This fact sheet aims to help young people understand how economic difficulties may affect them and help them think about how they can cope during these uncertain times.
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This study examined the link between bullying victimization and substance use and tested the mediating role of depression in male and female adolescents. Cross-sectional data were collected from a U.S. national sample of 1,495 tenth graders who participated in the 2005/06 Health Behaviors in School-aged Children U.S. Survey. Multiple-group structural equation modeling showed that victimization was linked to substance use in both males and females. Among females, depression was positively associated with both victimization and substance use and mediated the association between the two latter variables. Among males, depression was associated with victimization but not with substance use.
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This study aimed to improve the general understanding of community resilience in disaster recovery efforts by focusing on a specific type of community comprised of local workplace agencies that became first-responder teams following a disaster. The questions that guided the study were: What community resilience characteristics and activities were used by these first-responder workplace community teams? Were there differences among first-responder workplace community teams in the community resilience characteristics and activities? Were the community resilience characteristics and activities used in this disaster recovery similar or different from those used in other contexts (e.g., to help communities assess their disaster preparedness) and in what ways? The implications of the findings for the concept, characteristics, and activities of community resilience and subsequent policy, research, practice, and education of professionals are discussed.
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This article argues that, because resilience occurs even when risk factors are plentiful, greater emphasis needs to be placed on the role social and physical ecologies play in positive developmental outcomes when individuals encounter significant amounts of stress. Four principles are presented as the basis for an ecological interpretation of the resilience construct: decentrality, complexity, atypicality, and cultural relativity. These 4 principles, and the research upon which they are based, inform a definition of resilience that emphasizes the environmental antecedents of positive growth. This framework can guide future theory development, research, and the design of interventions that promote well-being among populations who experience environments that inhibit resilience-promoting processes.
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The primary purpose of this study was to conduct a randomized effectiveness trial of Multisystemic Therapy for Child Abuse and Neglect (MST-CAN) for physically abused youth (mean age = 13.88 years, 55.8% female, 68.6% Black) and their families. The findings of this study demonstrate the potential for broad-based treatments of child physical abuse to be effectively transported and implemented in community treatment settings.
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This study examined the influence of positive psychological capital (PsyCap), a metaconstruct that combines established psychological predispositions to be resilient to stress, on the well-being of soldiers during combat deployment. Among U.S. Army personnel deployed in Iraq, cognitive appraisal of stress mediated the effects of trait PsyCap on health symptoms. The indirect effects through appraisal were moderated by levels of exposure to potentially traumatic stimuli. Trait PsyCap covaried more strongly with cognitive appraisals, and had stronger indirect effects through appraisal on health, among soldiers in units with higher levels of potentially traumatic exposures. We discuss implications for research on resilience to trauma in the workplace and for helping workers cope with potentially traumatic exposures.
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Resiliency and vulnerability are distinctive personal characteristics influenced by environmental factors such as socio-cultural and institutional contexts. Resiliency and vulnerability are not absolute; they are psychosocial constructs of a phenomenological continuum. Hence, a resilient individual is not invincible to all life events but has the capacity to endure in most circumstances. Clients who sustain traumatic injuries or witness traumatic events have a greater vulnerability to stress disorders like posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Occupational therapy practitioners should be cognizant of a client’s resilient and adaptive capacities when providing services to a client who has endured a traumatic event. This paper explores resilience theory and its application to occupational therapy practice.